Everything about Ajmer-merwara totally explained
Ajmer-Merwara (also Ajmere-Merwara) is a former province of
British India in the historical
Ajmer region.
The province consisted of the
districts of
Ajmer and
Merwara, which were physically separated by the territory of
Rajputana Agency. Ajmer-Merwara was administered directly by the British Raj, by a commissioner who was subordinate to the
governor-general's agent for Rajputana. Rajputana was made up of
princely states, ruled by local nobles who acknowledged British sovereignty (now the majority of this region is in
Rajasthan state within independent
India). Ajmer-Merwara remained a province of India from independence in 1947 to 1950, when it became the state of
Ajmer. Ajmer state was merged into Rajputana on
November 1,
1956.
The area of the province was 2710 square miles. The plateau, on whose centre stands the town of Ajmer, may be considered as the highest point in the plains of
North India; from the circle of hills which hem it in, the country slopes away on every side - towards river valleys on the east, south, west and towards the
Thar Desert region on the north.
The
Aravalli Range is the distinguishing feature of the district. The range of hills which runs between Ajmer and
Nasirabad marks the watershed of the continent of
India. The rain which falls on the southeastern slopes drains into the
Chambal, and so into the
Bay of Bengal; that which falls on the northwest side into the
Luni River, which discharges itself into the
Rann of Kutch.
The province is on the border of what may be called the
arid zone; it's the debatable land between the north-eastern and south-western
monsoons, and beyond the influence of either. The south-west monsoon sweeps up the
Narmada valley from
Bombay and crossing the tableland at
Neemuch gives copious supplies to
Malwa,
Jhalawar and
Kota and the countries which lie in the course of the Chambal River.
The clouds which strike
Kathiawar and
Kutch are deprived of a great deal of their moisture by the hills in those countries (now the majority of this region is in
Gujarat state within independent
India), and the greater part of the remainder is deposited on
Mount Abu and the higher slopes of the Aravalli Range, leaving but little for Merwara, where the hills are lower, and still less for Ajmer. It is only when the monsoon is in considerable force that Merwara gets a plentiful supply from it. The north-eastern monsoon sweeps up the valley of the
Ganges from the Bay of Bengal and waters the northern part of Rajasthan, but hardly penetrates farther west than the longitude of Ajmer.
On the varying strength of these two monsoons the rainfall of the district depends. The agriculturist of Ajmer-Merwara could never rely upon two good harvests in succession.
Before Indian independence, the
Rajputs were land-holders, and the
Jats and
Gujaratis were cultivators or the tenants. The Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 was the landmarks in the legal history of land reforms in Rajasthan which was followed by Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 that became applicable to the whole of Rajasthan. The overriding effect of this Act provided relief to the existing tenants and the rights accrued to tenants accordingly. Now the Jats are major land holders in the region. The
Jains are traders and money-lenders. The aboriginal tribe of
Mers are divided between Hindus and followers of
Islam. Trading centers include
Beawar and
Kekri.
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